Primary adenocarcinoma of the lower ureter - a case report

Adenocarcinomas of the ureter are extremely rare tumoursand less than twenty cases have been reported in English literature. Due to the non specific clinical and imaging characteristics of these neoplasms, a preoperative diagnosis is only made rarely. We report a case of primary ureteric adenocarcinoma in a middle aged male and describe the computed tomographic findings. A 45 year old male presented with long standing hematuria and loin pain. Ultrasound and computed tomographic examinations revealed a small homogenous mass in lower ureter casuing luminal obstruction. The tumor was biopsied by ureteroscopy and a histopathological diagnosis of [Adenocarcinoma ureter - non villous subtype] was made following which aradical nephroureterectomy was performed

Renal replacement lipomatosis with coexisting xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in a pregnant woman

Renal replacement lipomatosis of the kidney is a rare entity characterized by renal sinus and perirenal fat proliferation often caused by renal calculi. Most of the renal parenchyma is replaced by fat and the kidney is usually small, atrophic and nonfunctioning. We report magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography findings of a pregnant woman with Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis and renal replacement lipomatosis coexisting in the same kidney

Neonatal Intracranial Ischemia and Hemorrhage : Role of Cranial Sonography and CT Scanning

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of cranial sonography and computed tomography in the diagnosis of neonatal intracranial hemorrhage and hypoxic-ischemic injury in an Indian set-up. METHODS: The study included 100 neonates who underwent cranial sonography and computed tomography (CT) in the first month of life for suspected intracranial ischemia and hemorrhage. Two observers rated the images for possible intracranial lesions and a kappa statistic for interobserver agreement was calculated. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the kappa values of CT and ultrasonography (USG) for the diagnosis of germinal matrix hemorrhage/intraventricular hemorrhage (GMH/IVH) and periventricular leucomalacia (PVL) and both showed good interobserver agreement. USG, however detected more cases of GMH/IVH (24 cases) and PVL (19) cases than CT (22 cases and 16 cases of IVH and PVL, respectively). CT had significantly better interobserver agreement for the diagnosis of hypoxic ischemic injury (HII) in term infants and also detected more cases (33) as compared to USG (18). CT also detected 6 cases of extraaxial hemorrhages as compared to 1 detected by USG. CONCLUSION: USG is better modality for imaging preterm neonates with suspected IVH or PVL. However, USG is unreliable in the imaging of term newborns with suspected HII where CT or magnetic resonance image scan is a better modality.

Giant angiomyolipoma associated with a dilated vessel prone to hemorrhage

Angiomyolipomas are benign neoplasms of the kidney which can clinically mimic renal malignancy. The imaging features are quite characteristic, and diagnosis can be clinched solely based on radiological investigations. Although mostly asymptomatic, they can be a cause of significant morbidity due to size and hemorrhage. We report a case of giant angiomyolipoma with a dilated vessel susceptible to hemorrhage

Hydrometrocolpos due to persistent urogenital sinus mimicking neonatal ascites

A urogenital sinus is a common channel into which both the urethra and genital tracts open. Occasionally there might be transverse obstructing membrane leading to hydrometrocolpos from either uterine secretions or urine. Although the presentation is varied, a neonatal presentation of a large hydrometrocolpos mimicking gross ascites is rare. A 3-day-old female infant was referred to us from periphery as a case of gross ascites of unknown cause. Patient was having rapid and shallow breathing and had gross ascites. The patient was evaluated and was diagnosed to have large hydrometrocolpos. To avoid unnecessary delay in diagnosis and proper treatment the possibility of hydrometrocolpos secondary to urogenital sinus presenting as generalized abdominal distension should be kept in mind. A focused genital examination can help achieve the diagnosis